Vascular pathology occurs due to ______ of lumen or ______ of wall.

Vascular pathology occurs due to ______ of lumen or ______ of wall.

• A. Rupture; inflammation
• B. Narrowing; weakening
• C. Dilation; thickening
• D. Occlusion; calcification

Answer: (B)

Vascular pathology mainly stems from changes that alter the vessel’s lumen or its wall strength. When the lumen narrows, blood flow is impeded, leading to ischemic effects and stenotic disease. When the wall weakens, it can bulge under pressure, forming aneurysms or rupturing. These two broad mechanisms—lumen narrowing and wall weakening—cover the major ways vessels become diseased: you see lumen reduction in atherosclerosis or vasospasm, and wall weakening in aneurysm formation or dissection. The other phrases describe outcomes or less fundamental processes (rupture, inflammation, dilation, calcification) rather than the primary modes of vascular pathology itself.

Vascular pathology mainly stems from changes that alter the vessel’s lumen or its wall strength. When the lumen narrows, blood flow is impeded, leading to ischemic effects and stenotic disease. When the wall weakens, it can bulge under pressure, forming aneurysms or rupturing. These two broad mechanisms—lumen narrowing and wall weakening—cover the major ways vessels become diseased: you see lumen reduction in atherosclerosis or vasospasm, and wall weakening in aneurysm formation or dissection. The other phrases describe outcomes or less fundamental processes (rupture, inflammation, dilation, calcification) rather than the primary modes of vascular pathology itself.