Chronic hypertension is associated with which form of arteriolosclerosis due to plasma protein leakage into vessel walls?

Chronic hypertension is associated with which form of arteriolosclerosis due to plasma protein leakage into vessel walls?

• A. Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
• B. Atherosclerosis
• C. Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
• D. Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis

Answer: (D)

Chronic hypertension injures small vessels, causing plasma proteins to leak into the arteriolar walls. This leakage leads to deposition of pink, hyaline material and increased basement membrane material, producing a homogeneous, thickened arteriolar wall with a narrowed lumen. The resulting hyaline arteriolosclerosis is characteristic of long-standing pressure overload and contributes to ischemic changes in organs, especially the kidney (benign nephrosclerosis) and retina. This pattern is distinct from hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, which shows onion-skinning from smooth muscle hyperplasia in malignant hypertension; from Monckeberg medial sclerosis, which is calcification of the media in larger arteries; and from atherosclerosis, which involves lipid-rich plaques in larger arteries rather than arterioles.

Chronic hypertension injures small vessels, causing plasma proteins to leak into the arteriolar walls. This leakage leads to deposition of pink, hyaline material and increased basement membrane material, producing a homogeneous, thickened arteriolar wall with a narrowed lumen. The resulting hyaline arteriolosclerosis is characteristic of long-standing pressure overload and contributes to ischemic changes in organs, especially the kidney (benign nephrosclerosis) and retina. This pattern is distinct from hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, which shows onion-skinning from smooth muscle hyperplasia in malignant hypertension; from Monckeberg medial sclerosis, which is calcification of the media in larger arteries; and from atherosclerosis, which involves lipid-rich plaques in larger arteries rather than arterioles.